Below are selected hormone and cycle-related studies upon which Hormonology is based.
You can see the full list of studies on this page, which links to the research used as the basis for 28 Days: What Your Cycle Reveals About Your Moods, Health and Potential by Gabrielle Lichterman, founder of Hormonology.
Annett Welz, et al. “Anxiety and rumination moderate menstrual cycle effects on mood in daily life,” Women & Health, 56 (2016): 540-560. (Link)
Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault, J. Thomas Sanderson, Cathy Vaillancourt, “Serotonin-estrogen interactions: what can we learn from pregnancy?” Biochimie, in press accepted manuscript, available online April 1, 2019. (Link)
Crystal Edler Schiller, et al., “Reproductive Steroid Regulation of Mood and Behavior,” Comprehensive Physiology, 6 (2016): 1135-1160. (Link)
Amanda P. Borrow, Nicole M. Cameron, “Estrogenic mediation of serotonergic and neurotrophic systems: Implications for female mood disorders,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 53 (2014): 13-25. (Link)
David R Rubinow, Peter J Schmidt, Catherine A Roca, “Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation,” Biological Psychiatry, 44 (1998): 839-850. (Link)
Barbara E. H. Sumner, George Fink, “Estrogen increases the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens in the female rat,” The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 54 (1995): 15-20. (Link)
Aila Collins, Peter Eneroth, Brut‐Marie Landgren, “Psychoneuroendocrine stress responses and mood as related to the menstrual cycle,” Psychosomatic Medicine, 47 (1985): 512-527. (Link)
Rong Yang, et al., “Postpartum estrogen withdrawal impairs GABAergic inhibition and LTD induction in basolateral amygdala complex via down-regulation of GPR30,” European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27 (2017): 759-772. (Link)
Zhuan Zhang, et al., “Postpartum estrogen withdrawal impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and causes depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 66 (2016): 138-149. (Link)
Johannes Bitzer, “Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms: overlooked and under-explored,” Gynecological Endocrinology, 29 (2013): 530-535. (Link)
Peter J. Schmidt, et al., “Effects of Estradiol Withdrawal on Mood in Women With Past Perimenopausal Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” JAMA Psychiatry, 72 (2015): 714-726. (Link)
Claudio N. Soares, “Depression in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women: Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Management,” Drugs & Aging, 30 (2013): 677-685. (Link)
Robert L. Reid, S.S.C. Yen, “Premenstrual syndrome,” American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139 (1981): 85-104. (Link)
Kimberly Albert, Jens Pruessner, Paul Newhouse, “Estradiol levels modulate brain activity and negative responses to psychosocial stress across the menstrual cycle,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 59 (2015): 14-24. (Link)
NeginSattari, et al., “The effect of sex and menstrual phase on memory formation during a nap,” Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 145 (2017): 119-128. (Link)
Liisa A.M. Galea, “Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 76 (2017): 363-379. (Link)
Elizabeth Hampson, Erin E. Morley, “Estradiol concentrations and working memory performance in women of reproductive age,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38 (2013): 2897-2904. (Link)
Lauren Rosenberg, Sohee Park, “Verbal and spatial functions across the menstrual cycle in healthy young women,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27 (2002): 835-841. (Link)
Rosemarie Krug, et al., “Jealousy, general creativity, and coping with social frustration during the menstrual cycle,” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 25 (1996): 181-199. (Link)
Rosemarie Krug, et al., “Effects of menstrual cycle on creativity,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19 (1994): 21-31. (Link)
Sonja Schöning, et al., “Functional anatomy of visuo-spatial working memory during mental rotation is influenced by sex, menstrual cycle, and sex steroid hormones,” Neuropsychologia, 45 (2007): 3203-3214. (Link)
Marcus Hausmann, et al., “Sex hormones affect spatial abilities during the menstrual cycle,” Behavioral Neuroscience, 114 (2000): 1245-1250. (Link)
Suzanne Moody, “Changes in scores on the Mental Rotations Test during the menstrual cycle,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84 (1997): 955-961. (Link)
Irwin Silverman, Krista Phillips, “Effects of estrogen changes during the menstrual cycle on spatial performance,” Ethology and Social Biology, 14 (1993): 257-269. (Link)
Elizabeth Hampson, “Estrogen-related variations in human spatial and articulatory-motor skills,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 15 (1990): 97-111. (Link)
Elizabeth Hampson, Doreen Kimura, “Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills,” Behavioral Neuroscience, 102 (1988): 456-459. (Link)
Liisa A.M. Galea, “Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health,” Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 76 (2017): 363-379. (Link)
Elizabeth Hampson, Erin E. Morley, “Estradiol concentrations and working memory performance in women of reproductive age,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38 (2013): 2897-2904. (Link)
Lauren Rosenberg, Sohee Park, “Verbal and spatial functions across the menstrual cycle in healthy young women,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27 (2002): 835-841. (Link)
Silvia Solís-Ortiz, María Corsi-Cabrera, “Sustained attention is favored by progesterone during early luteal phase and visuo-spatial memory by estrogens during ovulatory phase in young women,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33 (2008): 989-998. (Link)
Silvia Solís-Ortiz, Miguel Ángel Guevara, María Corsi-Cabrera, “Performance in a test demanding prefrontal functions is favored by early luteal phase progesterone: an electroencephalographic study,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29 (2004): 1047-1057. (Link)
Jennifer M. George, Erik Dane, “Affect, emotion, and decision making,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136 (2016): 47-55. (Link)
Esther K. Diekhof, Melanie Ratnayake, “Menstrual cycle phase modulates reward sensitivity and performance monitoring in young women: Preliminary fMRI evidence,” Neuropsychologia, 84 (2016): 70-80. (Link)
Nikhat Fatima, et al., “Pain Perception and Anxiety Levels during Menstrual Cycle Associated with Periodontal Therapy,” International Journal of Dentistry, 2014: published online October 12, 2014. (Link)
Taraneh Rezaii, et al., “The influence of menstrual phases on pain modulation in healthy women,” The Journal of Pain, 13 (2012): 646-655. (Link)
Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme, Serge Marchand, “Excitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms during the menstrual cycle in healthy women,” Pain, 146 (2009): 47-55. (Link)
Jane L. Veith, et al., “Plasma beta-endorphin, pain thresholds and anxiety levels across the human menstrual cycle,” Physiology & Behavior, 32 (1984): 31-34. (Link)
Keith W. Vrbicky, et al., “Evidence for the involvement of beta-endorphin in the human menstrual cycle,” Fertility and Sterility, 38 (1982): 701-704. (Link)
Huiyong Zheng, et al. “Actigraphy-defined measures of sleep and movement across the menstrual cycle in midlife menstruating women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation Sleep Study,” Menopause, 22 (2015): 66-74. (Link)
Julie A. Woosley, Kenneth L. Lichtstein, “Dysmenorrhea, the Menstrual Cycle, and Sleep,” Behavioral Medicine, 40 (2014): 14-21. (Link)
Fiona C. Baker, Helen S. Driver, “Self-reported sleep across the menstrual cycle in young, healthy women,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56 (2004): 239-243. (Link)
Bronwyn M. Graham, Geena Shin, “Estradiol moderates the relationship between state-trait anxiety and attentional bias to threat in women,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 93 (2018): 82-89. (Link)
Mario G. Oyola, Robert J. Handa, “Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity,” Stress, 20 (2017): 476-494. (Link)
Crystal Edler Schiller, et al., “Reproductive Steroid Regulation of Mood and Behavior,” Comprehensive Physiology, 6 (2016): 1135-1160. (Link)
Rebecca M. Shansky, Genevieve Bender, A. F. T. Arnsten, “Estrogen prevents norepinephrine alpha-2a receptor reversal of stress-induced working memory impairment,” Stress, 12 (2009): 457-463. (Link)
Gad Saad, Eric Stenstrom, “Calories, beauty, and ovulation: The effects of the menstrual cycle on food and appearance-related consumption,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22 (2012): 102-113. (Link)
Kristina M. Durante, et al., “Money, Status, and the Ovulatory Cycle,” Journal of Marketing Research, 51 (2014): 27-39. (Link)
Barnaby J. W. Dixon, et al., “The role of mating context and fecundability in women’s preferences for men’s facial masculinity and beardedness,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 93 (2018): 90-102. (Link)
Kelly Gildersleeve, Martie G. Haselton, Melissa R. Fales, “Do women’s mate preferences change across the ovulatory cycle? A meta-analytic review,” Psychological Bulletin, 140 (2014): 1205-1259. (Link)
Inge Lens, et al., “Would male conspicuous consumption capture the female eye? Menstrual cycle effects on women’s attention to status products,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48 (2012): 346-349. (Link)
Heather A. Rupp, et al., “Neural activation in women in response to masculinized male faces: mediation by hormones and psychosexual factors,” Evolution and Human Behavior, 30 (2009): 1-10. (Link)
Steven Gangestad, et al., “Changes in women’s mate preferences across the ovulatory cycle,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 (2007): 151-163. (Link)
Anthony C. Little, Benedict C. Jones, Robert P. Burriss, “Preferences for masculinity in male bodies change across the menstrual cycle,” Hormones and Behavior, 51 (2007): 633-639. (Link)
Steven W. Gangestad, et al., “Women’s Preferences for Male Behavioral Displays Change Across the Menstrual Cycle,” Psychological Science, 15 (2004): 203-207. (Link)
Aisha J .L. Munk, Aaron C. Zoeller, Juergen Hennig, “Fluctuations of estradiol during women’s menstrual cycle: Influences on reactivity towards erotic stimuli in the late positive potential,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, 91 (2018): 11-19. (Link)
James R. Roney, Zachary L. Simmons, “Hormonal predictors of sexual motivation in natural menstrual cycles,” Hormones and Behavior, 63 (2013): 636-645. (Link)
Paula Englander-Golden, et al. “Female sexual arousal and the menstrual cycle,” Journal of Human Stress, 6 (1980): 42-48. (Link)
Samantha J. Dawson, Kelly D. Suschinsky, Martin L. Lalumière, “Sexual Fantasies and Viewing Times Across the Menstrual Cycle: A Diary Study,” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41 (2012): 173-183. (Link)